American Titan: Searching for John Wayne Read online

  Stempel, Tom. Screenwriter: The Life and Times of Nunnally Johnson. London: WH Smith, 1980.

  Thomas, Bob. King Cohn: The Life and Times of Harry Cohn. New York: Bantam, 1967 (paperback edition).

  Wayne, Pilar. John Wayne: My Life with the Duke. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987.

  Wiley, Mason, and Bona, Damien. Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, Ballantine Books, 1986.

  Zolotow, Maurice. Shooting Star: A Biography of John Wayne. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974.

  SPECIAL ADDITIONAL JOURNALS AND MAGAZINE RESEARCH BY JESSE HERWITZ

  1949

  1. Alliance Will Install Officers Tuesday, Hollywood Citizen-News, 3.24.49

  1953

  2. Mother-in-Law Loses Wayne’s $650 a Month, Los Angeles Examiner, 5.2.53

  3. John Wayne Tells Hard Times Story, Los Angeles Examiner, 5.9.53

  4. John Wayne Puzzled Man in Alimony Row, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 5.15.53

  5. Actor John Wayne’s Alimony Case Delayed, Los Angeles Times, 5.16.53

  6. Wayne Support Case Delayed, Los Angeles Examiner, 5.16.53

  7. Wayne Asks for Cut in Alimony, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.16.53

  8. Wayne in Court Bares Income, Herald-Express, 5.18.53

  9. Handsaker, Gene, Alimony Fight: ‘No Savings,’ Wayne Says, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.19.53

  10. John Wayne Earnings, Variety, 5.19.53

  11. Star Declares: Had to Borrow For Taxes, Herald Express, 5.19.53

  12. $900 Alimony Enough, John Wayne Contends, Los Angeles Times, 5.19.53

  13. John Wayne Bares Income in Divorce Court Battle, Los Angeles Examiner, 5.19.53

  14. Wayne Airs Finances in Suit by Estranged Wife, Daily News, 5.19.53

  15. Actor Wayne Says Wife Budget Shy, Los Angeles Daily News, 5.20.53

  16. Bookkeepers May Toss Wayne for Loss, Herald Express, 5.20.53

  17. John Wayne’s Fiscal Affairs Engross Court, Los Angeles Times, 5.20.53

  18. ‘Couldn’t Make Ends Meet on $160,000,’ Wayne Says, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.20.53

  19. Wayne’s Wife Tells $56,103 Spending, Herald Express, 5.21.53

  20. Wayne’s Expense Record Aired in Court Hearing, Los Angeles Times, 5.21.53

  21. Lawyers in Court Row on Wayne ‘War Fund,’ no primary source cited, 5.21.53

  22. High Cost of Living Told by Mrs. Wayne, Los Angeles Times, 5.22.53

  23. High Cost of Living Told by Mrs. Wayne, Los Angeles Times, 5.22.53

  24. Esperanza Suspects Figures, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 5.22.53

  25. High Living Cost – Mrs. Wayne Tells Court of Expenses, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.22.53

  26. Mrs. Wayne Tells Need for Alimony, Los Angeles Daily News, 5.22.53

  27. Mrs. Wayne Explains Why She Needs $9350 Monthly, Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, 5.22.53

  28. Esperanza Itemized $9,000 Living Cost Each Month, Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, 5.22.53

  29. John Wayne Enraged by ‘Liar’ Charge, Los Angeles Examiner, 5.23.53

  30. John Wayne’s Hidden Assets Discounted, Los Angeles Daily News, 5.23.53

  31. Hidden Assets Hint Under Fire in John Wayne Case, Los Angeles Daily News, 5.23.53

  32. Figure Wayne Would Need $3,000,000 to Pay Off Wife, no primary source cited, 5.23.53

  33. Mrs. Wayne Asks Mother-in-Law ‘Alimony,’ Herald Express, 5.23.53

  34. Wayne Earned $1026,072 in 3 Yrs, L.A. Suit Shows, Variety, 5.26.53

  35. John Wayne Accused of Tax Hedging, Mirror, 5.26.53

  36. Gave It To Mother – Wants Star to Pay for It, Los Angeles Herald Express, 5.26.53

  37. Wayne Wife Seeks Sum for Mother, primary source not cited, 5.26.53

  38. Mrs. Wayne Cites Needs in Insurance, Los Angeles Times, 5.27.53

  39. 2 Attorneys Ask $25,000 Fees in Wayne Marital Troubles, Los Angeles Herald Express, 5.27.53

  40. Wayne Demise Wife’s Topic at Alimony Trial, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.27.53

  41. Wife Asks Million John Wayne Insurance So Alimony Will be Safe, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 5.27.53

  42. John Wayne’s Wife Asks Court For $1,000,000 Life Insurance, Mirror, 5.27.53

  43. Bare Wayne Wife Expenses For 4 Months Topped His, Herald Express, 5.28.53

  44. Attorney Fees Cited in Wayne Alimony Suit, Los Angeles Times, 5.28.53

  45. Mrs. John Wayne Tells Court Rep Paid Her 78G As ‘Spending Money,’ Variety, 5.28.53

  46. Ruark, Robert C., Finds Parable in Wayne Case, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.28.53

  47. Wayne Tells Money Woes – Via Charts, Mirror, 5.29.53

  48. Waynes’ Feud Still Goes On, Hollywood Citizen-News, 5.29.53

  49. Attorney Suit Holds Up Film, Los Angeles Herald Express, 5.29.53

  50. Woman Marine Meets ‘Hero’ John Wayne, Los Angeles Times, 5.29.53

  51. Wayne Hits Cost Figures, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 5.29.53

  52. John Wayne’s Accountant on Hearing Stand, Los Angeles Times 5.30.53

  53. Wayne’s Tax Aide Grilled in Bitter Alimony Battle, Los Angeles Times, 6.1.53

  54. Wayne Denies Striking Wife: Tells Pleas, Mirror, 6.2.53

  55. Actor Wayne Tells of His Wife’s Temper, Hollywood Citizen-News, 6.2.53

  56. Never Struck Wife, John Wayne Testifies, Los Angeles Times, 6.2.53

  57. Wayne Testifies in Private Life He Was ‘Woman-handled’, Los Angeles Daily News, 6.2.53

  58. ‘Manhandled by Wife’ Wayne Tells Court: Hits Her 10-Day Tesimony, Los Angeles Herald Examiner

  59. Much of Wayne Riches Hidden ‘Like Iceberg’ Plea in Court, 6.3.53

  60. ‘Hidden’ Wayne Fund Charged, Los Angeles Times, 6.3.53

  61. Wayne Asked to Pay Sleuths to Track Him, Los Angeles Times, 6.3.53

  62. ‘Decision Day’ In Wayne Suit, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 6.3.53

  63. Wayne Alimony Case Decision Seen Today, Hollywood Citizen-News, 6.4.53

  64. Wayne’s Lawyer Attacks ‘Build-Up’, Los Angeles Times, 6.4.53

  65. Wayne, Wife Rise Early to Hear Alimony Ruling, Mirror, 6.4.53

  66. Alimony Fight – Wayne Asks Fair Split, Herald Express, 6.4.53

  67. Mrs. Wayne Loses, Gets Only $1,100, Hollywood Citizen-News, 6.5.53

  68. Wayne Alimony to Stay at $1,100, Hollywood Citizen-News

  69. John Wayne’s Wife Granted $1,100 Alimony, Los Angeles Times, 6.5.53

  70. Mrs. Wayne, Attorney Ired, Mum on Ruling, Herald Express, 6.5.53

  71. Happy Wayne Off to Mexico for Film Work, Mirror, 6.5.53

  72. Mrs. John Wayne’s Auto Seized, Hollywood Citizen-News, 6.22.53

  73. John Wayne – Wife Loses Cadillac For Grocery Bill, Los Angeles Herald Express, 6.23.53

  74. Marshals Seize Mrs. Wayne’s Last Car for Debts, Los Angeles Times, 6.23.53

  75. John Wayne’s Wife Loses Her Temper – And Her Auto, primary Source not identified, 6.23.53

  76. 2 ‘Eyes’ Spying on Wayne Pry in Wrong room – Governor’s, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 7.7.53

  77. Wayne Frees Detectives Who Were Trailing Him, Los Angeles Times, 7.7.53

  78. Mrs. Wayne Wears $90 Hat, Drives to Court in Truck, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 7.31.53

  79. Wife of John Wayne Appeals Alimony Award, Los Angeles Times, 7.21.53

  80. Mrs. Wayne Renews Plea, Los Angeles Examiner, 7.21.53

  81. Wayne’s Wife Plans Appeal on Alimony, Los Angeles Daily News, 7.21.53

  82. ‘Can’t Live on $1,100’ – Mrs. Wayne in Fund Plea, Herald Express, 7.30.53

  83. Mrs. Wayne Pushes Her Alimony Fight, Los Angeles Examiner, 7.31.53

  84. Mrs. Wayne Pushes Her Alimony Fight, Los Angeles Times, 7.31.53

  85. Mrs. Wayne In New Fight For Alimony, Los Angeles Daily News, 7.31.53

  86. Mrs. Wayne Denied Raise in Alimony, Los Angeles Times. 8.1.53

  87. Demand Wayne Put Up $20,000 to Prove Self, Los Angeles Herald Express

  88. John Wayne – Act
or Silent on Alimony Battle, Los Angeles Herald Express

  89. Court Gets Tough – Ultimatum To Esperanza, Los Angeles Herald Express, 8.17.53

  90. Mrs. Wayne – Estranged Wife Back, Los Angeles Herald Express, 8.18.53

  91. Esperanza in Court Over Grocery Bill, Los Angeles Daily News, 8.19.53

  92. Mrs. Wayne Must Pay for Food, Liquor, Los Angeles Daily News, 8.19.53

  93. John Wayne’s Ex Gets 10 Days to Pay Grocery Bill, Hollywood Citizen-News, 8.19.53

  94. Mrs. Wayne Loses Suit on Grocery Bill, Los Angeles Times, 8.19.53

  95. Wayne in New Legal Victory, Los Angeles Examiner, 8.21.53

  96. Wayne Wins Again in Joust With His Wife, Mirror, 8.21.53

  97. Wayne Escapes On Wife’s Bill, Los Angeles Herald Express, 8.21.53

  98. Itria, Helen, Big John, Look Magazine, 8.53

  99. Shots Rout Prowler Taking Hub Caps Off Wayne’s Auto, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 9.10.53

  100. Shots Miss Intruder in John Wayne Garage, Los Angeles Times, 9.10.53

  101. Churchill, Reba and Bonnie, Hollywood diary – John Wayne Forsaking Acting For Producing, News Life, 10.2.53

  102. Parsons, Louella O., Wayne Case Delay Asked, Los Angeles Times, 9.10.53

  103. Wayne’s Wife Trial Delay Plea Refused, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.17.53

  104. Court Orders Wayne Trial Next Monday, Hollywood Citizen-News, 10.17.53

  105. Wayne’s Divorce Trial Set Monday, Los Angeles Times, 10.17.53

  106. Wayne Wins Divorce Fight Round, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 10.17.53

  107. Parsons, Louella O., Louella O. Parsons in Hollywood, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 10.18.53

  108. Esperanza Late, Wayne Irked at Trial Opening, Hollywood Reporter, 10.19.53

  109. Wayne Battle Comes Up in Court Today, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 10.19.53

  110. John Wayne Set to ‘Sling Mud’ in Juicy Divorce, The Mirror, 10.19.53

  111. Waynes Hurl Torrid Charges, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.20.53

  112. Waynes Hurl Charges, Newslife, 10.20.53

  113. Fell at Dance – Tell Wife’s Drinking, Herald-Express, 10.20.53

  114. Mrs. Wayne, on Stand, Accuses Film Actor of Beatings and Liquor Bouts, Los Angeles Times, 10.20.53

  115. Women Crowd Court As Chata Tells All, The Mirror, 10.20.53

  116. Santley, Joe, Wayne, Wife Trade Charges in Court, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.20.53

  117. Wayne Autographs For Fans & Thought He Was Intruder, Herald-Express, 10.20.53

  118. Parsons, Louella O., Gail Russell Shocked, Denies Impropriety, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.21.53

  119. O’Conner, Dick, Crenshaw, James, Speeding to Court – ‘Chata’ Cited on Freeway, Herald Express, 10.21.53

  120. Santley, Joe, Chata Late to Court, But Tells Much, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.21.53

  121. Almost Shot Wayne After Night Out, Wife Testifies, Los Angeles Times, 10.21.53

  122. Nearly Shot Wayne, Says Esperanza, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.21.53

  123. Nicky Hilton Names in Wayne Trial as Visitor, Newslife, 10.21.53

  124. Batt, Leo, Nicky Hilton Gets Call in Wayne Feud, The Mirror, 10.21.53

  125. Rochlen, Kensi, They Want John’s Signature – Gals Giggle but Chata’s ‘Chilly’ – The Mirror, 10.21.53

  126. Santley, Joe, Wayne’s Meet Face to Face, End Cask Row, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 10.22.53.

  127. Wayne, Wife End Sizzling Trial; Settlement Reached, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.22.53

  128. Wayne and Wife in Surprise Pact, Los Angeles Times, 10.22.53

  129. O’Connor, Dick, Crenshaw, James, Wayne To Tell His Side Despite Cash Agreement, Los Angeles Herald Express, 10.22.53

  130. Waynes’ Cash Agreement Halts Hot Trial, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.22.53

  131. Heard, Roby, Wayne Mud Battle May Flare Up Anew, The Mirror, 10.22.53

  132. Wayne Divorce Trial Halted by Settlement, Hollywood Citizen-News, 10.22.53

  133. Santley, Joe, Wayne Prepared to ‘Clear’ Self, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 10.23.53

  134. Mrs. Wayne Missing Traffic Count, no primary source given, 10.23.53

  135. Wayne Says Wife to Pay for Charges, Hollywood Citizen-News, 10.23.53

  136. But Enough – Less Cash Likely for Esperanza, Los Angeles Times, 10.23.53

  137. Mosby, Aline, Aline Mosby in Hollywood, Newslife, 10.23.53

  138. Scott, Vernon, A Frightened Woman – Chata Discusses Her Future Without Wayne, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.23.53

  139. Scott, Vernon, Esperanza Says Future Insecure, Newslife, 10.26.53

  140. John, Chata Sign Deal; Plan New Court Slugfest, The Mirror, 10.27.53

  141. Wayne Trial to Resume Tomorrow, Hollywood Citizen-News, 10.28.53

  142. Wayne Due to Hit Back at Chata Today, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.28.53

  143. Curtain Goes Up Today on New Wayne Episode, Los Angeles Times, 10.28.53

  144. Wayne Lashes Back, Tells His Version, Hollywood Citizen-News, 10.28.53

  145. Both Wayne, Chata Win Divorces, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 10.28.53

  146. Ridgway, Charles, George, Getze, Chata Wayne, the Fiery, The Mirror, 10.28.53

  147. Wayne on Stand – Calls Her Drunk, Fishwife, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 10.28.53

  148. O’Connor, Dick, Fights For Friends – Wayne Drops Silent Role, Los Angeles Herald-Express

  149. Ridgway, Charles, Double Divorce Climaxes Juicy Wayne Stories, Hollywood Citizen-News, 10.29.53

  150. Bacon, James, But Nicky Claims ‘Foul’ – Divorce for Each in John Wayne Case, no primary source given, 10.29.53

  151. Wayne – Court Battle is Draw – Each is Granted Divorce, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.29.53

  152. Both Wayne and Wife Given Divorces on Cruelty Grounds, Los Angeles Times, 10.29.53

  153. Nicky Says He’s Only Loser, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 10.29.53

  154. Santley, Joe, Wayne, Chata in Draw, Both Get Divorce, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.29.53

  155. ‘I’m the Loser’ says Nicky of Wayne Divorce Battle, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.30.53

  156. John Wayne Seriously Ill, Has Relapse After Court Tilt, Los Angeles Times, 10.31.53

  157. Two Home Titles Transferred in Wayne Settlement, Los Angeles Times, 10.31.53

  158. Wayne Gets Two Houses From Ex-Wife, Los Angeles Daily News, 10.31.53

  159. Hedda Hoppa: They Call Him Mr. Box Office, Chicago Tribune Magazine, 11.22.53

  1954

  160. O’Conner, Dick, The John Wayne Story – How Great Western Star Shot His Way to Number one Spot Told, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 1.5.54

  161. Wayne, John (filling in for Mike Connolly), Rambling Reporter, The Hollywood Reporter, 4.30.54

  162. Wayne-Fellows Becomes Batjac, no attribution, 5.26.54

  163. Carroll, Harrison, Esperanza Seeks Change in Wayne Settlement Suit, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 8.3.54

  164. Wayne Property Settlement May Go to Court Again, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 8.2.54

  165. Carroll, Harrison, Thumbs Down on Hawaii Nuptials – John Wayne to Wed Pilar But Not Now, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 8.24.54

  166. John Wayne Denies Island Nuptial Plan, 8.25.54

  167. Island Wedding for Wayne Hinted, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.29.54.

  168. John Wayne to Wed Pilar Palette (sic) Today on Big Island, Honolulu Star-Bulletin

  169. Graham, Sheila, John Wayne, Pilar Pallette (sic) Wed Today, Hollywood Citizen-News, 11.1.54

  170. Carroll, Harrison, John Wayne Plans Hawaii Wedding, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 11.1.54

  171. John Wayne, Pilar Palette (sic) Wed in Kona, no attribution, 11.1.54

  172. Wayne Honeymoons With Peruvian Bride, Los Angeles Herald-Express, 11.2.54

  173. Hopper, Hedda, John Wayne Weds Actress in Hawaii, Los Angeles Times, 11.2.54

  174. Parsons, Louella O., By The Time This Is in Print, Los Angeles Examiner, 11.2.54

  175. John Wayne Divorce Final: Weds Latin Lovely, Los Angeles Daily
News, 11.2.54.

  176. Parsons, Louella O., John Wayne, Pilar Married in Hawaii, Los Angeles Examiner, 11.2.54

  177. John Wayne and New Bride Fly Home Tonight, Hollywood Citizen-News, 11.2.54

  178. John Wayne, Bride Due from Hawaii Today, Los Angeles Times, 11.3.54

  179. Island Honeymooners, Unnamed international news network, 11.3.54

  180. John Wayne and Bride Fly Home, Tell Happiness, Los Angeles Times, 11.4.54

  181. Wayne, John (as told to Maurice Zolotow), It Happened Like This, Los Angeles Examiner/American Weekly, 11.14.54

  182. Married: John Wayne, Time Magazine, 11.15.54

  183. Wayne, John (as told to Maurice Zolotow), It Happened Like This (con’t), Los Angeles Examiner/American Weekly, 11.21.54

  184. Wayne, John (as told to Maurice Zolotow), It Happened Like This (con’t), Los Angeles Examiner/American Weekly, 11.28.54

  185. Scott, Martin, John Wayne, Cosmopolitan Magazine, 11.54 (cover story)

  186. Press Release, Wayne Recaptures Motion Picture Herald Poll Leadership, Quigley Publications, 12.30.54

  187. Press Release, John Wayne Has Been Voted Number One, Motion Picture Herald, 12.30.54

  188. RKO Studios press release, Biography – John Wayne, 1954

  1955

  189. Hoppa, Hedda, John Wayne Taking Over Mitchum’s Role, Los Angeles Times, 1.17.55

  190. Hopper, Hedda, ‘Blood Alley’ Delayed Again, Los Angeles Times, 1.26.55

  191. Skolsky, Sidney, Hollywood is My Beat, Hollywood Citizen-News, 2.11.55

  192. John Wayne Expecting Baby in April, Los Angeles Times, 10.18.55

  193. Parsons, Louella O., John Wayne Expects Baby, Los Angeles Examiner, 10.18.55

  194. Hopper, Hedda, John Wayne Daughter Plans June Wedding, Los Angeles Times, 12.31.55

  1956

  195. Wayne Films Go to Hughes, partial - no primary source identified, 1.6.56

  196. Paris Elite Attend Premiere of Wayne in ‘The Conqueror,’ no primary source identified, 1.21.56

  197. Schallert, Edwin, Movie Tours Build Goodwill, Says Wayne, Los Angeles Times, 2.8.56

  198. Conchita, Princess, Pignatelli, Sepulveda, Toni Wayne Betrothal Told, Los Angeles Examiner, 2.16.56

  199. Zunser, Jesse, John Wayne – Conqueror at the Box-Office, Cue Magazine, week of 3.22-29.56 (Cover story)

  200. Hopper, Hedda, John Wayne Presented Daughter by Third Wife, Los Angeles Times, 4.1.56

  201. Hopper, Hedda, Mother of Girl, Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, 4.1.56